每天坐在教室里,但眼神总是看着窗外的风景,不知不觉的默默发呆。我一直急速前行,穿梭于人人之间。试图借应接不暇的风景让我褪去对你的思念。
初入Python,一开始就被她简介的语法所吸引,代码简洁优雅,之前在C#里面打开文件写入文件等操作相比Python复杂多了,而Python打开、修改和保存文件显得简单得多。
1、打开文件的例子:
file=open('D:\\Python\\untitled\\Hello.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') data=file.read() print(data) file.close()
2、利用urllib库请求页面进行简单的翻译,请求百度翻译,将要翻译的内容当做参数传给百度,然后将结果赋值给参数,最后打印出来:
上代码:
import urllib.request import urllib.parse import json content=input("=====请输入您要翻译的内容:=====\n") url='http://fanyi.baidu.com/v2transapi' data={} data['from']='zh' data['to']='en' data['transtype']='translang' data['simple_means_flag']='3' data['query']=content data=urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8') response=urllib.request.urlopen(url,data) html=response.read().decode('utf-8') target=json.loads(html) print("翻译结果为:%s"%(target['trans_result']['data'][0]['dst']))
实现效果如图:
实现代码很简单,下面再分享下urllib库的一些用法。
urlopen 语法
urllib.request.urlopen(url,data=None,[timeout,]*,cafile=None,capath=None,cadefault=False,context=None) #url:访问的网址 #data:额外的数据,如header,form data
用法
# request:GET import urllib.request response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com') print(response.read().decode('utf-8')) # request: POST # http测试:http://httpbin.org/ import urllib.parse import urllib.request data = bytes(urllib.parse.urlencode({'word':'hello'}),encoding='utf8') response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/post',data=data) print(response.read()) # 超时设置 import urllib.request response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get',timeout=1) print(response.read()) import socket import urllib.request import urllib.error try: response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get',timeout=0.1) except urllib.error.URLError as e: if isinstance(e.reason,socket.timeout): print('TIME OUT')
响应
# 响应类型 import urllib.open response = urllib.request.urlopen('https:///www.python.org') print(type(response)) # 状态码, 响应头 import urllib.request response = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.python.org') print(response.status) print(response.getheaders()) print(response.getheader('Server'))
Request
声明一个request对象,该对象可以包括header等信息,然后用urlopen打开。
# 简单例子 import urllib.request request = urllib.request.Requests('https://python.org') response = urllib.request.urlopen(request) print(response.read().decode('utf-8')) # 增加header from urllib import request, parse url = 'http://httpbin.org/post' headers = { 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36' 'Host':'httpbin.org' } # 构造POST表格 dict = { 'name':'Germey' } data = bytes(parse.urlencode(dict),encoding='utf8') req = request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers,method='POST') response = request.urlopen(req) print(response.read()).decode('utf-8') # 或者随后增加header from urllib import request, parse url = 'http://httpbin.org/post' dict = { 'name':'Germey' } req = request.Request(url=url,data=data,method='POST') req.add_hader('User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36') response = request.urlopen(req) print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))
总结
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