什么是选区
前端选区非常常见,通过鼠标的点击和移动来创建一个选中页面,在多个元素需要被选中的情况下,一个个点击显的非常拖沓,所以需要通过建立选区来应对多个元素的操作。以下是简单的建立选区图片例子:
如何建立选区
浏览器绘制选区方式
在浏览器中绘制一个矩形,通常是通过其元素的top和left来决定,浏览器通过确定元素的top和left位置,并监听鼠标在移动过程中的偏移量offsetX和offsetY来计算元素的总宽高,最后绘制成元素的总体形状,固定好元素的top和left极为重要。如下是浏览器绘制的示意图:
浏览器在绘制时,总是以左上角的顶点作为元素的起始位置,也就是说如果你的选区是从右往左或者从下往上建立,浏览器都会以最终图形的左上角顶点作为元素的起始位置进行绘制。所以确定左上角顶点位置尤为关键。
React计算选区范围
通过监听浏览器的鼠标移动事件来获取鼠标移动的范围,在这里我们需要先获取鼠标初始位置,通过movedown事件确定鼠标起始位置,通过isMove来判断是否鼠标落下并开始移动,记录鼠标落点位置。代码如下图所示:
const [isMove, setIsMove] = useState<boolean>(false); const [downAndUpPosition, setDownAndUpPosition] = useState<Position>(); const handleMouseDown = (event: React.MouseEvent) => { setIsMove(true); let mouseDownPosition: Position = { offsetX: event.pageX - left, offsetY: event.pageY, }; setDownAndUpPosition(mouseDownPosition); };
记录鼠标落点后,通过mousemove事件记录鼠标移动坐标点,如果鼠标未落下则不触发移动事件,避免重复渲染,最后在moveup事件中取消移动标记即可:
const [movePosition, setMovePosition] = useState<Position>(); const handleMouseMove = (event: React.MouseEvent) => { if (!isMove) return; let movePosition: Position = { offsetX: event.pageX - left, offsetY: event.pageY, }; setMovePosition(movePosition); }; const handleMouseUp = () => { setIsMove(false); };
得到鼠标落点位置和鼠标移动坐标后,我们需要去计算鼠标移动坐标与起始位置的坐标象限,如果起始位置的left与top均小于鼠标移动后坐标,则选区在第四象限。以起始位置为坐标原点去计算。代码如下所示:
const returnDivPosition = ( downAndUpPosition: Position, movePosition: Position ) => { const downPageX = downAndUpPosition.offsetX; const downPageY = downAndUpPosition.offsetY; const movePageX = movePosition.offsetX; const movePageY = movePosition.offsetY; if (downPageX >= movePageX && downPageY >= movePageY) { return 1; } if (downPageX <= movePageX && downPageY >= movePageY) { return 2; } if (downPageX >= movePageX && downPageY <= movePageY) { return 3; } if (downPageX <= movePageX && downPageY <= movePageY) { return 4; } };
计算出鼠标最终位置处于哪个象限后,我们就可以计算出选区的top和left。如果为第一象限则鼠标移动的最终位置就是元素偏移量,如果为第二象限则鼠标移动最终位置的top为元素偏移top,鼠标落点left为元素偏移left,以此类推即可。代码如下图:
const offsetPosition = useMemo(() => { if (downAndUpPosition && movePosition) { const quadrant = returnDivPosition(downAndUpPosition, movePosition); switch (quadrant) { case 1: return { top: movePosition.offsetY, left: movePosition.offsetX, }; case 2: return { top: movePosition.offsetY, left: downAndUpPosition.offsetX, }; case 3: return { top: downAndUpPosition.offsetY, left: movePosition.offsetX, }; case 4: return { top: downAndUpPosition.offsetY, left: downAndUpPosition.offsetX, }; } } return { top: 0, left: 0, }; }, [downAndUpPosition, movePosition]);
最后我们计算选区的宽度和高度,通过计算落点位置与鼠标移动后最终位置的差值可获取宽高。代码如下:
const offsetSize = useMemo(() => { if (downAndUpPosition && movePosition) { return { width: Math.abs(downAndUpPosition.offsetX - movePosition.offsetX), height: Math.abs(downAndUpPosition.offsetY - movePosition.offsetY), }; } return { width: 0, height: 0, }; }, [downAndUpPosition, movePosition]);
这样就能够创建一个选区,完整代码如下图:
type Position = { offsetX: number; offsetY: number; }; const boardStyle: CSSProperties = { width: "100%", height: "calc(100vh - 10px)", position: "relative", }; const SelectArea = ()=>{ const [isMove, setIsMove] = useState<boolean>(false); const [downAndUpPosition, setDownAndUpPosition] = useState<Position>(); const [movePosition, setMovePosition] = useState<Position>(); const handleMouseDown = (event: React.MouseEvent) => { setIsMove(true); let mouseDownPosition: Position = { offsetX: event.pageX - left, offsetY: event.pageY, }; setDownAndUpPosition(mouseDownPosition); }; const handleMouseMove = (event: React.MouseEvent) => { if (!isMove) return; let movePosition: Position = { offsetX: event.pageX - left, offsetY: event.pageY, }; setMovePosition(movePosition); }; const handleMouseUp = () => { setIsMove(false); }; const returnDivPosition = ( downAndUpPosition: Position, movePosition: Position ) => { const downPageX = downAndUpPosition.offsetX; const downPageY = downAndUpPosition.offsetY; const movePageX = movePosition.offsetX; const movePageY = movePosition.offsetY; if (downPageX >= movePageX && downPageY >= movePageY) { return 1; } if (downPageX <= movePageX && downPageY >= movePageY) { return 2; } if (downPageX >= movePageX && downPageY <= movePageY) { return 3; } if (downPageX <= movePageX && downPageY <= movePageY) { return 4; } }; const offsetSize = useMemo(() => { if (downAndUpPosition && movePosition) { return { width: Math.abs(downAndUpPosition.offsetX - movePosition.offsetX), height: Math.abs(downAndUpPosition.offsetY - movePosition.offsetY), }; } return { width: 0, height: 0, }; }, [downAndUpPosition, movePosition]); const offsetPosition = useMemo(() => { if (downAndUpPosition && movePosition) { const quadrant = returnDivPosition(downAndUpPosition, movePosition); switch (quadrant) { case 1: return { top: movePosition.offsetY, left: movePosition.offsetX, }; case 2: return { top: movePosition.offsetY, left: downAndUpPosition.offsetX, }; case 3: return { top: downAndUpPosition.offsetY, left: movePosition.offsetX, }; case 4: return { top: downAndUpPosition.offsetY, left: downAndUpPosition.offsetX, }; } } return { top: 0, left: 0, }; }, [downAndUpPosition, movePosition]); return ( <div onMouseDown={handleMouseDown} onMouseMove={handleMouseMove} onMouseUp={handleMouseUp} style={boardStyle} > <Electorate top={offsetPosition.top} left={offsetPosition.left} width={offsetSize.width} height={offsetSize.height} /> </div> ); } type Props = { top: number; left: number; width: number; height: number; }; const Electorate: FC<Props> = ({ top, left, width, height }) => { return ( <div style={{ top: `${top}px`, left: `${left}px`, width: `${Math.abs(width)}px`, height: `${Math.abs(height)}px`, }} className="electorate" /> ); }; //electorate样式 .electorate { position: absolute; border: 1px solid rgba(33, 127, 235, 0.534); background-color: rgba(33, 127, 235, 0.3); }
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