OPENGL如何改变窗口大小保持图形的纵横比,原理是什么?

有没有人在啊,想请讲解下,OPENGL如何改变窗口大小保持图形的纵横比,原理是什么?
最新回答
夏了夏天

2025-03-27 05:15:41

问题的关键在于设置裁剪区域的纵横比与视口的纵横比一致。

设置视口大小:

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<span style="font-size:18px;">glViewport(GLint x,GLint y,GLsizei w,GLsizei h);</span>  

(x,y)是视口距离窗口左下角的位置,(w,h)是视口的宽度和高度。

设置二维观察函数:

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glOrtho2D(GLdouble left,GLdouble right,GLdouble bottom,GL double top);  

锁定纵横比,注意这里为什么要加一个判断语句。比如当窗口的宽大于高时(w>h),裁剪区域只能设置将高扩大即:(-15.0/ratio,15.0/ratio),而不能设置将宽缩小(这样会使图像在w方向的部分显示不出来)

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glViewport(0,0,w,h);  

GLfloat ratio=(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h;  

if(w<=h)//保持形状不变  

gluOrtho2D(-15.0,15.0,-15.0/ratio,15.0/ratio);  

else  

gluOrtho2D(-15.0*ratio,15.0*ratio,-15.0,15.0);  

具体代码:

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#include <stdlib.h>  

#include <GL/glut.h>  

GLfloat v[3][3]={{-10.0,0.0,0.0},{10.0,0.0,0.0},{0.0,10.0,0.0}};  

int num=5;  

void reshape(GLsizei w,GLsizei h)  

{  

GLfloat ratio=(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h;  

glViewport(0,0,w,h);  

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);  

glLoadIdentity();  

if(w<=h)//保持形状不变  

gluOrtho2D(-15.0,15.0,-15.0/ratio,15.0/ratio);  

else  

gluOrtho2D(-15.0*ratio,15.0*ratio,-15.0,15.0);  

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);  

glLoadIdentity();  

}  

void triangle(GLfloat* a,GLfloat* b,GLfloat* c)  

{  

glVertex3fv(a);  

glVertex3fv(b);  

glVertex3fv(c);  

}  

void divide_triangle(GLfloat* a,GLfloat* b,GLfloat* c,int n)  

{  

GLfloat ab[3],ac[3],bc[3];  

if(n>0)  

{  

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)  

{  

ab[j]=(a[j]+b[j])/2;  

ac[j]=(a[j]+c[j])/2;  

bc[j]=(b[j]+c[j])/2;  

}  

divide_triangle(a,ab,ac,n-1);  

divide_triangle(ab,b,bc,n-1);  

divide_triangle(ac,bc,c,n-1);  

}  

else triangle(a,b,c);  

}  

void display()  

{     

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);  

glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);  

divide_triangle(v[0],v[1],v[2],num);  

glEnd();  

glFlush();  

}  

void myInit()  

{  

glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);  

glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);  

glViewport(0,0,500,500);  

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);  

glLoadIdentity();  

gluOrtho2D(-15.0,15.0,-15.0,15.0);  

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);  

}  

void main(int argc,char** argv)  

{  

glutInit(&argc,argv);  

glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);  

glutInitWindowSize(500,500);  

glutInitWindowPosition(0,0);  

glutCreateWindow("Sierpinski");  

glutReshapeFunc(reshape);  

glutDisplayFunc(display);  

myInit();  

glutMainLoop();  

}  

视口和视景体,当视口的纵横比和视景体的纵横比相同的时候,改变窗口大小,图像才不会变形;例如:控制视口大小为:glViewprot(0,0,400,200);则其纵横比为2那么控制视景体的参数为:gluPerspective(fovy,2,near,far);可以了控制视景体还有其他函数,原理是一样的opengl编程指南有详细解释。