哪个版本的Linux占硬盘空间最小？
最新回答
朵朵奇葩向阳开＃
2024-11-29 05:57:10
主流服务器UNIX操作系统用户帐号的设置
账号设置 HP-UX FreeBSD Solaris (SPARC)
密码文件 /etc/passwd
/tcb/files/auth/r/root /etc/passwd
/etc/master.passwd /etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
组文件 /etc/group
/etc/logingroup /etc/group /etc/group
允许最大用户ID 2147483647 65535 2147483647
允许远程登录的用户文件设置 /etc/securetty
{console} /etc/ttys
{secure} /etc/default/login
{CONSOLE=/dev/console}
Nobody的UID -2 65534 60001 & 65534(nobody4)
Nobody的GID -2(nogroup) 65534 60002 & 65534(nogroup)
找回ROOT密码 >boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -iS
passwd root ok boot -s
passwd root boot cdrom -s
mkdir /tmp/a
mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a
vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow
创建新用户 useradd adduser Useradd
删除用户 userdel rmuser Userdel
列出用户 logins Logins
修改用户账号 usermod Usermod
账号设置 AIX Linux( RedHat )
密码文件 /etc/passwd
/etc/security/passwd /etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
组文件 /etc/group
/etc/security/group /etc/group
允许最大用户ID 4294967295 65535
允许远程登录的用户文件设置 /etc/security/user
{rlogin=true} /etc/securetty
{ttyp1}
Nobody的UID 4294967294 99
Nobody的GID 4294967294 99
找回ROOT密码 Boot from CD/Tape
Installation/Maintenance
Start Limited Shell
getrootfs hdisk0
vi /etc/security/passwd {lilo}
control-x
linux S
passwd root
{grub}
c
kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8
initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img
boot
passwd root
创建新用户 mkuser Useradd
删除用户 rmuser Userdel
列出用户 lsuser -f ALL
修改用户账号 chuser -a usermod
主流服务器UNIX操作系统目录结构对比
Directory Mappings AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Root filesystem / {/dev/hd4} / {/dev/ad0s1a} / {/dev/vg00/lvol1}
Home Directory /home {/dev/hd1} /home {/dev/vg00/lvol4}
/tmp {/dev/hd3} /tmp {/dev/vg00/lvol6}
/usr {/dev/hd2} /usr {/dev/ad0s1f} /usr {/dev/vg00/lvol7}
/var {/dev/hd9var} /var {/dev/ad0s1e} /var {/dev/vg00/lvol8}
Sample configuration files - /usr/newconfig
Directory Mappings Linux( RedHat ) Solaris Tru64
Root filesystem / {/dev/sda1} / {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol} / {/dev/rz0a}
Home Directory /export/home {dev/vx/dsk/home}
/tmp {dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}
/usr /usr {/dev/rz0g}
/var
Sample configuration files
主流服务器UNIX操作系统常用命令
General Commands AIX FreeBSD HP-UX Linux(RedHat) Solaris Tru64
Unique host ID Hostid uname -i hostid hostid hostid
Administrator Smit Sam linuxconf admintool netconfig
Performance monitor Topas(有过top)
monitor top Top
glance Top top top
System activity reporter Sar sa Sar sar
Virtual Memory statistics Vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat
I/O statistics Iostat iostat iostat iostat iostat
Error logs alog -o -t boot
errpt dmesg dmesg Dmesg dmesg uerf -R -o full
Physical RAM 1M TB 4TB 64GB{>2.3.24} 16TB 4TB
Shared Memory 64K TB 8TB sysctl kernel.shmmax
Process Data Space 384K TB 4TB 900 MB
Swap device /dev/hd6 /dev/ad0s1b /dev/vg00/lvol2 /dev/sda2 /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol /dev/rz0b
Swap file type /etc/swapspaces swap swap partition type 82 swap raw
Display swap size lsps –a swapinfo swapinfo -a Free swap -l swapon -s
Activate Swap swapon -a swapon -a swapon -a swapon -a swap -a swapon -a
主流服务器UNIX操作系统打印机、TCP/IP设置
Printers AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Printer Queues /etc/qconfig /var/spool/print /etc/lp/interface/*
Stop LP stopsrc -s lpd lpshut
Start LP startsrc -s lpd Lpd lpsched
Submit print jobs enq
lp
lpr
qprt Lp lp
LP statistics enq -A
lpq
lpstat
qchk Lpq lpstat
Remove print jobs cancel
lprm
qcan
enq –x Cancel
lprm cancel
Add printer queue smit mkpq lpadmin -p pq
Remove Printer Q smit rmpq lpadmin -x pq
Make default Prt export LPDEST="pq" lpadmin -d pq
TCP/IP AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Network IP configuration lsattr -E -l inet0 /etc/rc.conf /etc/rc.config.d/netconf
Hosts IP addresses /etc/hosts /etc/hosts /etc/hosts
Name service switch /etc/netsvc.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf
Network parameters no –a Sysctl ndd -h
Routing daemon Gated Routed gated
NIC Configurations ifconfig –a ifconfig -a lanscan -v
Secondary IP Addr ifconfig en0 alias IP ifconfig xl0 alias IP ifconfig lan0:1 IP
(solaris also)
Login prompt HERALD @
/etc/security/login.cfg telnetd –b /etc/issue
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/" |
odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt
chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P
reboot rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=#
NSTRPY=#
reboot
insf -d ptys -n #
insf -d ptym -n #
insf -d pts -s # -e -v
Maximum # of ptys 512 {MAXUSERS}
Remote Shell Remsh
rsh Rsh remsh
YP/NIS service binder /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/sbin/ypbind /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind
主流服务器UNIX操作系统打印机、TCP/IP设置 续
Printers Linux (Redhat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
Printer Queues /var/spool/lpd/lp/* /etc/lp/interfaces/* /usr/spool/lpd
Stop LP /etc/init.d/lpd stop /usr/lib/lp/lpshut /sbin/init.d/lpd stop
Start LP /etc/init.d/lpd start /usr/lib/lp/lpsched /sbin/init.d/lpd start
Submit print jobs Lpr Lp
lpr Lp
lpr
LP statistics Lpq Lpstat Lpstat
Remove print jobs Lprm Cancel
lprm cancel
lprm
Add printer queue Printtool lpadmin -p pq Lprsetup
Remove Printer Q lpadmin -x pq Lprsetup
Make default Prt lpadmin -d pq export PRINTER="lp"
TCP/IP Linux( RedHat ) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
Network IP configuration /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ /etc/hostname.*
/etc/inet/*
/etc/defaultrouter /etc/rc.config
Hosts IP addresses /etc/hosts /etc/inet/hosts /etc/hosts
Name service switch /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/svc.conf
Network parameters sysctl -a | grep net Ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ?
Routing daemon routed in.routed routed
NIC Configurations ifconfig -a ifconfig –a ifconfig -a
Secondary IP Addr modprobe ip_alias
ifconfig eth0:1 IP ifconfig hme0:1 IP up ifconfig ln0 alias
Login prompt /etc/issue BANNER @
/etc/default/telnetd /etc/issue
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals cd /dev
./MAKEDEV -v pty {/etc/system}
set pt_cnt = # {SYSV}
set npty = # {BSD}
{/etc/iu.ap}
ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat
halt
boot –r cd /dev
./MAKEDEV PTY_1
Maximum # of ptys 256 176 {BSD}
3000 {SYSV} 8192
Remote Shell rsh Rsh rsh
YP/NIS service binder /sbin/ypbind /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/sbin/ypbin
主流服务器UNIX操作系统系统文件
System Files AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
NFS exported /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/exports
NFS Client mounted directories /etc/xtab /etc/xtab
Max File System 128 GB 128 GB
Max File Size 64 GB 128 GB
Max # File Descriptors 64 K 60~ K
System Files Linux (RedHat) Solaris Tru64
NFS exported /etc/exports /etc/dfs/dfstab
/etc/dfs/sharetab /etc/exports
NFS Client mounted directories /var/lib/nfs/xtab /etc/rmtab /var/adm/mountdtab
Max File System 2 TB 1 TB
8000 TB {vxfs} 128 GB {<= 3.2G}
512 GB {>= 4.0}
16 TB {advfs}
Max File Size 2 GB {512B block size}
8192 GB {8KB block size} 1 TB
2 GB {=<2.5.1} 128 GB {<= 3.2G}
512 GB {>= 4.0}
16 TB {advfs}
Max # File Descriptors sysctl fs.file-max 64 K 64 K
主流服务器UNIX操作系统磁盘与逻辑卷命令
DISK/LVM Commands AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Filesystem table /etc/filesystems /etc/fstab /etc/fstab
Free disk blocks df -k df -k Bdf
Device listing lsdev -C /sbin/ioscan
Disk information bootinfo -s hdisk# fdisk -v ad0 diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#
Disk Label lspv -l hdisk# disklabel ad0 pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#
LVM Concepts Partition sub disk logical extents
Volume Volume logical volume
Plex
Volume group volume group
Journal Filesystem type jfs Vxfs
Default volume group /dev/rootvg /dev/vg00
Display volume group lsvg -l rootvg vgdisplay -v vg00
Modify physical volume chpv Pvchange
Prepare physical disk mkdev -c disk -l hdisk# pvcreate
List physical volume lspv vinum ld pvdisplay
Remove disk from volume group reducevg vgreduce
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes migratepv vinum move -f drive object pvmove
Create volume group mkvg vgcreate
Remove volume group vgremove
Volume group availability chvg
varyonvg
varyoffvg vgchange
Restore volume group vgcfgrestore
Exports volume group exportvg vgexport
Imports volume group importvg vgimport
Volume group listing lsvg Vgscan 是一样的么？
Change logical volume characteristics chlv lvchange
List logical volume lslv vinum lv lvdisplay
Make logical volume mklv lvcreate
Extend logical volume extendlv lvextend
Reduce logical volume AIX reduce LV Lvreduce 如何用？
Remove logical volume rmlv vinum rm vol lvremove
Prepare boot volumes bootlist -m normal lvlnboot
Remove boot volumes lvrmboot
Extend File system chfs -a size=# /mt extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8
fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt
Reduce/Split mirrors rmlvcopy lvsplit
Merge mirrors lvmerge
Create mirrors mklv -c 2 vinum mirror drive lvcreate -m 1
Add mirrors mklvcopy lv 2 lvextend -m 1
Create striped volumes mklv -u 3 -S 64K vinum stripe drive lvcreate -i 3 -I 64
System recovery tape mksysb -i /dev/rmt0 /opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery
Backup savevg -i rootvg vinum saveconfig fbackup
Restore restvg frecover
主流服务器UNIX操作系统磁盘与逻辑卷命令 续
DISK/LVM Commands Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
Filesystem table /etc/fstab /etc/vfstab /etc/fstab
Free disk blocks df -k df –k df -k
Device listing cat /proc/devices Sysdef
Disk information cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model format -d c#t#d#
format>current
format>inquiry file /dev/rrz0c
Disk Label fdisk -l Prtvtoc disklabel -p rz0
LVM Concepts logical extents sub disk sub disk
logical volume Volume Volume
Plex Plex
volume group disk group disk group
Journal Filesystem type ext2 居然是jfs的？ Vxfs Advfs 居然是jfs的？
Default volume group /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg
居然有 vg？ /dev/vol/rootdg
居然有 vg？
Display volume group vgdisplay -v vxprint -l -g rootdg volprint -l -g rootdg
Modify physical volume pvchange
Prepare physical disk pvcreate vxdiskadd voldiskadd
List physical volume pvdisplay vxprint -dl volprint -dl
Remove disk from volume group vgreduce vxdg rmdisk voldg rmdisk
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes pvmove vxassist move volassist move
Create volume group vgcreate vxdg init voldg init
Remove volume group vgremove
Volume group availability vgchange
Restore volume group vgcfgrestore
Exports volume group vgexport vxdg deport voldg deport
Imports volume group vgimport vxdg import voldg import
Volume group listing vgscan
Change logical volume characteristics lvchange vxedit set voledit set
List logical volume lvdisplay vxprint -vl volprint -vl
Make logical volume lvcreate vxassist make volassist make
Extend logical volume lvextend vxassist growto volassist growto
Reduce logical volume lvreduce vxassist shrinkto volassist shrinkto
Remove logical volume lvremove vxedit rm voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1
Prepare boot volumes lilo vxbootsetup
Remove boot volumes
Extend File system resize2fs vxva
mkfs -M
Reduce/Split mirrors lvsplit
Merge mirrors lvmerge
Create mirrors vxassist mirror volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true
Add mirrors
Create striped volumes lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5 volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe
System recovery tape /usr/sys/bin/btcreate
Backup tar cvf /dev/rst0 / ufsdump vdump
Restore tar xvf /dev/rst0
这一列对不对？ ufsrestore vrestore
主流服务器UNIX操作系统安装与卸载
Software AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Install Software installp -a pkg_add swinstall
Uninstall software installp -u pkg_delete swremove
List installed software lslpp -L all pkg_info -a swlist
Verify installed software lppchk -v swlist -l fileset -a state
List all files lslpp -f fileset pkg_info -L package swlist -l file fileset
List installed patches instfix -i swlist -l patch
what /stand/vmunix
Package owner lslpp -w path swlist -l file | grep path
SW Directory /usr/lpp /var/db/pkg /var/adm/sw/
Software Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
Install Software rpm -i package pkgadd setld -l
Uninstall software rpm -e package pkgrm setld -d
List installed software rpm -qa pkginfo setld -i
Verify installed software rpm -V package pkginfo -i
pkginfo -p setld -v
List all files rpm -ql package pkgchk -l package setld -i package
List installed patches patchadd -p dupatch -track -type patch
Package owner rpm -qf file pkgchk -l -p path
SW Directory /var/lib/rpm /var/sadm /var/adm/smlogs
主流服务器UNIX操作系统技术支持信息
Links AIX HP-UX Linux (RedHat)
FAQ AIX-FAQ
HP-UX FAQ 这个和我知道的一个？ LINUX FAQ
Online Manual AIX 4.3 Books
HP-UX 11.00 Collection
Linux Documentation Project
Technical Support RS/6000 TechSupport
IT Resource Center
Red Hat support
Phone Number 1-800-CALL-AIX 1-800-633-3600 1-888-REDHAT1
Free Software Bull
HP-UX Ports
Linux Software Map
Certification
www.ibm.com
education.hp.com
RHCE
Links FreeBSD Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
FAQ FreeBSD FAQ
Solaris 2 FAQ
Tru64 FAQ
Online Manual FreeBSD Hand Book
Solaris 7 Documentation
Tru64 Documents
Technical Support SunSolve
Alpha Systems Support
Phone Number 1-800-USA-4SUN
Free Software FreeBSD Primary Site
Sun Freeware
Tru64 Demos, Shareware & Freeware
Certification suned.sun.com
ASE Information
主流服务器UNIX操作系统其它命令
MISC AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Startup script /etc/rc /etc/rc /sbin/rc
Kernel /usr/lib/boot/unix_up /kernel /stand/vmunix
Kernel Parameters lsattr -E -l sys0 sysctl -a sysdef kmtune kmsystem
Reconfigure the kernel
chdev -l sys0 -a cd /sys/i386/conf
vi KERNEL
config KERNEL
cd ../../compile\
/KERNEL
make depend
make
make install cd /stand/build\
/usr/lbin/sysadm\
/system_prep -v -s system
vi system
mk_kernel -s system
cd /stand
mv system system.prev
mv vmunix vmunix.prev
mv dlkm dlkm.prev
mv /stand/build\
/system system
kmupdate /stand/build\
/vmunix_test
List modules genkex kldstat kmadmin –s
Load module kldload kmadmin –L
Unload module kldunload kmadmin –U
Initialize system install_assist /stand/sysinstall set_parms initial
Physical RAM bootinfo -r sysctl hw.physmem grep -i Physical\ /var/adm/syslog\
/syslog.log
Kernel Bits bootinfo -k getconf KERNEL_BITS
Crash utility Crash crash Adb
Trace System Calls Syscalls truss tusc
Machine model uname -m
bootinfo -m uname -m model
uname -m
OS Level Oslevel uname -r uname -r
Run Level who –r who -r
Core dump files /var/adm/ras /var/adm/crash
Boot single user Key on service mode/F4
Boot from CD/Tape
Select Maintenance
Limited function Shell ok boot –s >boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -iS
Maintenance mode ok boot –as >boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -lm
Interrupt Key control-B
Return to console Co
Timezone Management /etc/environment
/etc/profile /etc/localtime /etc/TIMEZONE
NTP Daemon
如何用它？ /etc/ntp.conf
startsrc -s xntpd /etc/rc.conf {xntpd enable="YES"}
/etc/rc.network /etc/rc.config.d\
/netdaemons
/sbin/init.d/xntpd
主流服务器UNIX操作系统其它命令 续
MISC Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
Startup script /etc/rc.d/rc /sbin/init.d /sbin/init.d
Kernel /boot/vmlinuz /kernel/genunix /vmunix
Kernel Parameters sysctl -a sysdef –I sysconfig dxkerneltuner
Reconfigure the kernel cd /usr/src/linux
make mrproper
make menuconfig
make dep;clean;bzImage;install
make modules
make modules_install
cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz
mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.4.img 2.4
vi /etc/lilo.conf
lilo vi /etc/system
reboot doconfig
List modules lsmod modinfo
Load module insmod modload
Unload module rmmod modunload
Initialize system netconf sys-unconfig netsetup
Physical RAM free prtconf uerf | grep memory
Kernel Bits getconf WORD_BIT isainfo -kv 64
Crash utility lcrash
crash kdbx
Trace System Calls strace truss trace
Machine model uname -m uname -imp uname -p
OS Level uname -r uname -r sizer -v
Run Level runlevel who -r who -r
Core dump files /var/crash/`uname -n`
Boot single user {lilo}
control-x
linux S
{grub}
c
kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8
initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img
boot ok boot -s >>> boot -fl s
Maintenance mode ok boot -as
Interrupt Key Stop-A control-P
Return to console ok go
Timezone Management /etc/sysconfig/clock /etc/TIMEZONE
/etc/default/init /etc/svid3_tz
timezone
NTP Daemon /etc/ntp.conf
/etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd /etc/inet/ntp.conf
/etc/init.d/xntpd rcmgr set XNTPD_CONF YES
/sbin/init.d/xntpd
主流服务器UNIX操作系统设备管理
Devices AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Devices /dev /dev /dev
Install devices for attached peripherals cfgmgr –v /dev/MAKEDEV insf -e
Remove device rmdev –l rmsf
Device drivers Lscfg lsdev
CPU lsdev -Cc processor sysctl hw.model ioscan -fnC processor
List Terminal lsdev -Cc tty ioscan -fnC tty
Diagnostics Diag pciconf -l Stm
Whole Disk /dev/hdisk# /dev/ad0s1c /dev/dsk/c#t#d0
CDROM /dev/cd0 /dev/acd0c /dev/dsk/c#t2d0
CDROM file type Cdrfs cd9660 Cdfs
Rewinding tape drive /dev/rmt0 /dev/rwt0d /dev/rmt/0m
Floppy drive /dev/rfd0 /dev/fd0 -
Non-rewinding tape drive /dev/rmt0.1 /dev/nrwt0d /dev/rmt/0mn
Devices Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
Devices /dev /devices /dev
Install devices for attached peripherals /dev/MAKEDEV drvconfig
devlinks
disks
tapes
ports scu scan edt
scsimgr -scan_all
Remove device rem_drv
Device drivers prtconf -D
CPU cat /proc/cpuinfo psrinfo -v psrinfo -v
List Terminal pmadm -l
Diagnostics /usr/platform/`uname -m`/
sbin/prtdiag
ok test-all
/opt/SUNWvts/bin/sunvts
Whole Disk /dev/sda /dev/c#t#d0s2 /dev/rz0c
CDROM /dev/cdrom /dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2 /dev/rz3c
CDROM file type iso9660 hsfs cdfs
Rewinding tape drive /dev/rst0 {c 9 0} /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rmt0
Floppy drive /dev/fd0 /dev/diskette /dev/fd0c
Non-rewinding tape drive /dev/nrst0 {c 9 128} /dev/rmt/0n /dev/nrmt0
守护在此方
2024-11-29 06:09:07
安非他命
2024-11-29 05:37:34
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