Oracle常用视图 1 Oracle常用数据字典表 1、 查看当前用户的缺省表空间 SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users; 2、 查看当前用户的角色 SQL>select * from user_role_privs; 3、 查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限 SQL>select * from user_sys_privs; SQL>select * from user_tab_privs; 4、 查看用户下所有的表 SQL>select * from user_tables; 5、 查看用户下所有的表的列属性 SQL>select * from USER_TAB_COLUMNS where table_name=:table_Name; 6、 显示用户信息(所属表空间) select default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace from dba_users
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where username = 'GAME'; 7、 显示当前会话所具有的权限 SQL>select * from session_privs; 8、 显示指定用户所具有的系统权限 SQL>select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='GAME'; 9、 显示特权用户 select * from v$pwfile_users; 10、 显示用户信息(所属表空间) select default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users where username='GAME'; 11、 显示用户的PROFILE select profile from dba_users where username='GAME'; 2 表 1、 查看用户下所有的表 SQL>select * from user_tables; 2、 查看名称包含log字符的表 SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objects where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0; 3、 查看某表的创建时间 SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper('&table_name'); 4、 查看某表的大小 SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments where segment_name=upper('&table_name'); 5、 查看放在Oracle的内存区里的表 SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0; 3 索引 1、 查看索引个数和类别 SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name; 2、 查看索引被索引的字段 SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name'); 3、 查看索引的大小 SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments where segment_name=upper('&index_name'); 4 序列号 1、 查看序列号,last_number是当前值 SQL>select * from user_sequences; 5 视图 1、 查看视图的名称 SQL>select view_name from user_views; 2、 查看创建视图的select语句 SQL>set view_name,text_length from user_views; SQL>set long 2000; 说明:可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小 SQL>select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name'); 6 同义词 1、 查看同义词的名称 SQL>select * from user_synonyms; 7 约束条件
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1、 查看某表的约束条件 SQL>select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name from user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name'); SQL>select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name') and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name order by cc.position; 8 存储函数和过程 1、 查看函数和过程的状态 SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION'; SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE'; 2、 查看函数和过程的源代码 SQL>select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name'); 9 常用的数据字典: dba_data_files:通常用来查询关于数据库文件的信息 dba_db_links:包括数据库中的所有数据库链路,也就是databaselinks。 dba_extents:数据库中所有分区的信息 dba_free_space:所有表空间中的自由分区 dba_indexs:关于数据库中所有索引的描述 dba_ind_columns:在所有表及聚集上压缩索引的列 dba_objects:数据库中所有的对象 dba_rollback_segs:回滚段的描述 dba_segments:所有数据库段分段的存储空间 dba_synonyms:关于同义词的信息查询 dba_tables:数据库中所有数据表的描述 dba_tabespaces:关于表空间的信息 dba_tab_columns:所有表描述、视图以及聚集的列 dba_tab_grants/privs:对象所授予的权限 dba_ts_quotas:所有用户表空间限额 dba_users:关于数据的所有用户的信息 dba_views:数据库中所有视图的文本 10 常用的动态性能视图: v$datafile:数据库使用的数据文件信息 v$librarycache:共享池中SQL语句的管理信息 v$lock:通过访问数据库会话,设置对象锁的所有信息 v$log:从控制文件中提取有关重做日志组的信息 v$logfile有关实例重置日志组文件名及其位置的信息 v$parameter:初始化参数文件中所有项的值 v$process:当前进程的信息
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v$rollname:回滚段信息 v$rollstat:联机回滚段统计信息 v$rowcache:内存中数据字典活动/性能信息 v$session:有关会话的信息 v$sesstat:在v$session中报告当前会话的统计信息 v$sqlarea:共享池中使用当前光标的统计信息,光标是一块内存区域,有Oracle处理SQL语句时打开。 v$statname:在v$sesstat中报告各个统计的含义 v$sysstat:基于当前操作会话进行的系统统计 v$waitstat:出现一个以上会话访问数据库的数据时的详细情况。当有一个以上的会话访问同一信息时,可出现等待情况。 总结了一下这些,彻底区别了视图与数据字典,也不那么容易混淆。嘿嘿!!! 11 常用SQL查询: 1、查看表空间的名称及大小 select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name group by t.tablespace_name; 2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小 select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name; 3、查看回滚段名称及大小 select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, (initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, max_extents, v.curext CurExtent From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+) order by segment_name;
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4、查看控制文件 select name from v$controlfile; 5、查看日志文件 select member from v$logfile; 6、查看表空间的使用情况 select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE, (B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE" FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME; 7、查看数据库库对象 select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status; 8、查看数据库的版本 Select version FROM Product_component_version Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle'; 9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式 Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database; 10、捕捉运行很久的SQL column username format a12 column opname format a16 column progress format a8 select username,sid,opname, round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress, time_remaining,sql_text from v$session_longops , v$sql where time_remaining <> 0 and sql_address = address and sql_hash_value = hash_value 11。查看数据表的参数信息 SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name, pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent, next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS, freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks, empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size, last_analyzed FROM dba_tab_partitions --WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner ORDER BY partition_position 12.查看还没提交的事务 select * from v$locked_object; select * from v$transaction; 13。查找object为哪些进程所用 select
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p.spid, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num, s.username user_name, a.type object_type, s.osuser os_user_name, a.owner, a.object object_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, s.status session_status from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p where s.paddr = p.addr and s.type = 'USER' and a.sid = s.sid and a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR' order by s.username, s.osuser 14。回滚段查看 select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs, v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes, sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum 15。耗资源的进程(top session) select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, status session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num, nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL' or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc
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16。查看锁(lock)情况 select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name, decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX', 'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type, o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3, 'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null) lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2 from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type, l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s, v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner <> 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name 17。查看等待(wait)情况 SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count 18。查看sga情况 SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC 19。查看catched object SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace, type, sharable_mem, loads, executions, locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache 20。查看V$SQLAREA SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS, VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS, USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS, BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA