Python基础之模块详解

# spam.pyprint('from the spam.py')money = 1000def read1():print('spam模块：', money)def read2():print('spam模块')read1()def change():global moneymoney = 0

import module1[, module2[,... moduleN]

# run.pyimport spam # from the spam.pyimport spammoney = 111111spam.read1() # 'spam模块：1000'spam.change()print(spam.money) # 0print(money) # 111111

# run.pyimport spam as smmoney = 111111sm.moneysm.read1() # 'spam模块：1000'sm.read2sm.change()print(money) # 1000

import spam, time, os# 推荐使用下述方式import spamimport timeimport os

from modname import name1[, name2[, ... nameN]]

# run.pyfrom spam import moneyfrom spam import money,read1money = 10print(money) # 10

# spam.py__all__ = ['money', 'read1'] # 只允许导入'money'和'read1'# run.pyfrom spam import * # 导入spam.py内的所有功能，但会受限制于__all__money = 111111read1() # 'spam模块：1000'change()read1() # 'spam模块：0'print(money) # 111111

# m1.pyprint('from m1.py')from m2 import xy = 'm1'# m2.pyprint('from m2.py')from m1 import yx = 'm2'

# m1.pyprint('from m1.py')def func1():from m2 import xprint(x)y = 'm1'# m2.pyprint('from m2.py')def func1():from m1 import yprint(y)x = 'm2'

5、# m1.pyprint('from m1.py')y = 'm1'from m2 import x# m2.pyprint('from m2.py')x = 'm2'from m1 import y

dir(sys)['__displayhook__', '__doc__', '__excepthook__', '__loader__', '__name__','__package__', '__stderr__', '__stdin__', '__stdout__','_clear_type_cache', '_current_frames', '_debugmallocstats', '_getframe','_home', '_mercurial', '_xoptions', 'abiflags', 'api_version', 'argv','base_exec_prefix', 'base_prefix', 'builtin_module_names', 'byteorder','call_tracing', 'callstats', 'copyright', 'displayhook','dont_write_bytecode', 'exc_info', 'excepthook', 'exec_prefix','executable', 'exit', 'flags', 'float_info', 'float_repr_style','getcheckinterval', 'getdefaultencoding', 'getdlopenflags','getfilesystemencoding', 'getobjects', 'getprofile', 'getrecursionlimit','getrefcount', 'getsizeof', 'getswitchinterval', 'gettotalrefcount','gettrace', 'hash_info', 'hexversion', 'implementation', 'int_info','intern', 'maxsize', 'maxunicode', 'meta_path', 'modules', 'path','path_hooks', 'path_importer_cache', 'platform', 'prefix', 'ps1','setcheckinterval', 'setdlopenflags', 'setprofile', 'setrecursionlimit','setswitchinterval', 'settrace', 'stderr', 'stdin', 'stdout','thread_info', 'version', 'version_info', 'warnoptions']

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]import fibofib = fibo.fibprint(dir()) # 得到一个当前模块中定义的属性列表# ['__builtins__', '__name__', 'a', 'fib', 'fibo', 'sys']b = 5 # 建立一个新的变量 'a'print(dir())# ['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'a', 'b']del b # 删除变量名aprint(dir())# ['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'a']

# test.pyimport m1 # 从m1.py文件中导入的,然后会生成m1模块的名称空间import time# 删除m1.py文件,m1模块的名称空间仍然存在time.sleep(10)import m1 # 不报错,一定不是从文件中获取了m1模块,而是从内存中获取的

# time.pyprint('from time.py')# run.pyimport timeprint(time) #

import sysfor n in sys.path:print(n)# C:\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/PycharmProjects/untitled/hello.py# C:\PycharmProjects\untitled# C:\PycharmProjects\untitled# C:\Python\Python38\python38.zip# C:\Python\Python38\DLLs# C:\Python\Python38\lib# C:\Python\Python38# C:\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv# C:\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\lib\site-packages

# run.pyimport syssys.path.append(r'C:\PycharmProjects\untitled\day16')print(sys.path)import mmmmmm.f1()

from aa import spamprint(spam.money)

# aaa.pyx = 1def f1():print('from f1')f1()# run.pyimport aaa

# aaa.pyx = 1def f1():print('from f1')if __name__ == '__main__':f1()

import aaa.bbb.m3print(aaa.bbb.m3.func3())

from aaa.bbb import m3print(m3.func3())

from aaa.bbb.m3 import func3print(func3())

# aaa/.pyfrom aaa.m1 import func1from aaa.m2 import func2

from .m1 import func1from .m2 import func2

__all__ = ["echo", "surround", "reverse"]

ATM/|-- core/| |-- src.py # 业务核心逻辑代码||-- api/| |-- api.py # 接口文件||-- db/| |-- db_handle.py # 操作数据文件| |-- db.txt # 存储数据文件||-- lib/| |-- common.py # 共享功能||-- conf/| |-- settings.py # 配置相关||-- bin/| |-- run.py # 程序的启动文件，一般放在项目的根目录下，因为在运行时会默认将运行文件所在的文件夹作为sys.path的第一个路径，这样就省去了处理环境变量的步骤||-- log/| |-- log.log # 日志文件||-- requirements.txt # 存放软件依赖的外部Python包列表，详见https://pip.readthedocs.io/en/1.1/requirements.html|-- README # 项目说明文件

# settings.pyimport osBASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))DB_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db', 'db.txt')LOG_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'log', 'user.log')# print(DB_PATH)# print(LOG_PATH)

# common.pyimport timefrom conf import settingsdef logger(msg):current_time = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %X')with open(settings.LOG_PATH, mode='a', encoding='utf-8') as f:f.write('%s %s' % (current_time, msg))

# src.pyfrom conf import settingsfrom lib import commondef login():print('登陆')def register():print('注册')name = input('username>>: ')pwd = input('password>>: ')with open(settings.DB_PATH, mode='a', encoding='utf-8') as f:f.write('%s:%s\n' % (name, pwd))# 记录日志。。。。。。common.logger('%s注册成功' % name)print('注册成功')def shopping():print('购物')def pay():print('支付')def transfer():print('转账')func_dic = {'1': login,'2': register,'3': shopping,'4': pay,'5': transfer,}def run():while True:print("""1 登陆2 注册3 购物4 支付5 转账6 退出""")choice = input('>>>: ').strip()if choice == '6': breakif choice not in func_dic:print('输入错误命令，傻叉')continuefunc_dic[choice]()

# run.pyimport sysimport osBASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)from core import srcif __name__ == '__main__':src.run()