大家快瞧那结冰的湖水，春风一吹冰都融化了，河里的小鱼都游出海面，在湖水中自由的游来游去，多可爱的小鱼啊！多么欢快的小鱼啊！真是让人深深的为它那可爱的摸样着迷。春风一吹过那枯黄的小草身边时，小草突然边了摸样，它从原来的枯黄变成了嫩绿，慢慢地小草从嫩绿变成了鲜绿渐渐地越变越绿，绿的让人难以相信那是小草。啊！小草我为你的样子感到是个奇迹。
我们可以利用urllib来抓取远程的数据进行保存哦，以下是python3 抓取网页资源的多种方法，有需要的可以参考借鉴。
1、最简单
import urllib.request
response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/')
html = response.read()
2、使用 Request
import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request('http://python.org/')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
3、发送数据
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
url = 'http://localhost/login.php'
user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'
values = {
'act' : 'login',
'login[email]' : 'yzhang@i9i8.com',
'login[password]' : '123456'
}
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)
req.add_header('Referer', 'http://www.python.org/')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
print(the_page.decode("utf8"))
4、发送数据和header
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
url = 'http://localhost/login.php'
user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'
values = {
'act' : 'login',
'login[email]' : 'yzhang@i9i8.com',
'login[password]' : '123456'
}
headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent }
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
print(the_page.decode("utf8"))
5、http 错误
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request('//www.haodaima.com ')
try:
urllib.request.urlopen(req)
except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
print(e.code)
print(e.read().decode("utf8"))
6、异常处理1
#! /usr/bin/env python3
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError
req = Request("//www.haodaima.com /")
try:
response = urlopen(req)
except HTTPError as e:
print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.')
print('Error code: ', e.code)
except URLError as e:
print('We failed to reach a server.')
print('Reason: ', e.reason)
else:
print("good!")
print(response.read().decode("utf8"))
7、异常处理2
#! /usr/bin/env python3
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from urllib.error import URLError
req = Request("//www.haodaima.com /")
try:
response = urlopen(req)
except URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
print('We failed to reach a server.')
print('Reason: ', e.reason)
elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.')
print('Error code: ', e.code)
else:
print("good!")
print(response.read().decode("utf8"))
8、HTTP 认证
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
# create a password manager
password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
# Add the username and password.
# If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.
top_level_url = "https://www.haodaima.com /"
password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, 'rekfan', 'xxxxxx')
handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)
# create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
# use the opener to fetch a URL
a_url = "https://www.haodaima.com /"
x = opener.open(a_url)
print(x.read())
# Install the opener.
# Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
a = urllib.request.urlopen(a_url).read().decode('utf8')
print(a)
9、使用代理
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'sock5': 'localhost:1080'})
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
a = urllib.request.urlopen("//www.haodaima.com ").read().decode("utf8")
print(a)
10、超时
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import socket
import urllib.request
# timeout in seconds
timeout = 2
socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)
# this call to urllib.request.urlopen now uses the default timeout
# we have set in the socket module
req = urllib.request.Request('//www.haodaima.com /')
a = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()
print(a)
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容，希望本文的内容对大家学习或使用python能有所帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流。