python定位xpath 节点位置的方法

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chrome 右键有copy xpath地址

但是有些时候获取的可能不对

可以自己用代码验证一下

如果还是不行 可以考虑从源码当中取出来

趁热打铁,使用前一篇文章中 XPath 节点来定位HTML 页面。

HTML文件如下(您可以将其拷贝,保存成html文件,跟我笔者实验):

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Storm</title>
</head>
<body>
 <h1 id="h1" name="hname" class="cname">这是一个h1标签</h1>
 <form>
  文本域1:<input type="text" name="first_name">
  <br>
  文本域2:<input type="text" name="last_name">
 </form>
 <form>
  密码字段:<input type="password" name="password">
 </form>
 <form>
  单选按钮1:
  <input type="radio" name="radio1" value="nan">male
  <input type="radio" name="radio1" value="nv">female
 </form>
 <form>
  宠物:
  <input type="checkbox" name="cw">猫
  <input type="checkbox" name="cw">狗
  <input type="checkbox" name="cw">兔子
 </form>
</body>
</html>

1、节点

上面的HTML文件,<html> 为根节点,他有个lang的属性,他有两个子节点<head>和<body>。

2、选取节点实验

(1)/,从根节点选取

下面的代码从根节点开始选取所有的html元素(这里只有一个),打印tag name,就是html

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(r'file:///E:\python\test1\day1\test0.html')
eles = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('/html')
for ele in eles:
 print(ele.tag_name)
driver.quit()

运行结果

C:\Python36\python.exe E:/python/test1/day1/test9.py
html


Process finished with exit code 0

(2)//,从目标节点下选取

下面的xpath,意思就是我要去找head,找到就保存到eles里面,不一定需要在根目录下面找

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(r'file:///E:\python\test1\day1\test0.html')
eles = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//head')
for ele in eles:
 print(ele.tag_name)
driver.quit()

运行结果:

C:\Python36\python.exe E:/python/test1/day1/test9.py
head


Process finished with exit code 0

如果我换成下面的xpath,结果会如何呢?

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(r'file:///E:\python\test1\day1\test0.html')
eles = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('/head')
for ele in eles:
 print(ele.tag_name)
driver.quit()

从根节点选取head元素,跟节点不是head元素,所以找不到,打印为空

(3). ,选取当前节点;.. ,选取父节点

下面的xpath,第一个,匹配到head元素,然后分配找head当前节点(就是head);head父节点(是html)

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(r'file:///E:\python\test1\day1\test0.html')
eles2 = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//head/.')
eles3 = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//head/..')

for ele in eles2:
 print(ele.tag_name)

for ele in eles3:
 print(ele.tag_name)
driver.quit()

运行结果:

C:\Python36\python.exe E:/python/test1/day1/test9.py
head
html


Process finished with exit code 0

(4)@ 选取属性

下面xpath为,匹配任意元素,其有个属性charset,值为UTF-8。

from selenium import webdriver
 

 

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(r'file:///E:\python\test1\day1\test0.html')
eles3 = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@charset="UTF-8"]')
for ele in eles3:
 print(ele.tag_name)
driver.quit()

运行结果为: