python连接MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、memcache等数据库的方法

用Python写脚本也有一段时间了，经常操作数据库（MySQL），现在就整理下对各类数据库的操作，如后面有新的参数会补进来，慢慢完善。

一，python 操作 MySQL:详情见：
【apt-get install python-mysqldb】

#!/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Purpose: example for python_to_mysql
# Author: zhoujy
# Created: 2013-06-14
# update: 2013-06-14
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import MySQLdb
import os

#建立和数据库系统的连接，格式
#conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='123456',db='test',port=3306,charset='utf8')
#指定配置文件，确定目录,或则写绝对路径
cwd = os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
db_conf = os.path.join(cwd, 'db.conf')
conn = MySQLdb.connect(read_default_file=db_conf,host='localhost',db='test',port=3306,charset='utf8')
#要执行的sql语句
query = 'select id from t1'
#获取操作游标
cursor = conn.cursor()
#执行SQL
cursor.execute(query)
#获取一条记录,每条记录做为一个元组返回,返回3，游标指到第2条记录。
result1 = cursor.fetchone()
for i in result1:
 print i
#返回影响的行数
 print cursor.rowcount
#获取指定数量记录,每条记录做为一个元组返回,返回1，2，游标从第2条记录开始，游标指到第4条记录。
result2 = cursor.fetchmany(2)
for i in result2:
 for ii in i:
 print ii

#获取所有记录,每条记录做为一个元组返回,返回3，4，7，6,游标从第4条记录开始到最后。
result3 = cursor.fetchall()
for i in result3:
 for ii in i:
 print ii
#获取所有记录,每条记录做为一个元组返回,返回3，4，7，6,游标从第1条记录开始
#重置游标位置，0为偏移量，mode＝absolute | relative,默认为relative
cursor.scroll(0,mode='absolute')
result3 = cursor.fetchall()
for i in result3:
 for ii in i:
 print ii
#以下2种方法都可以把数据插入数据库：
#(one)
for i in range (10,20):
 query2 = 'insert into t1 values("%d",now())' %i
 cursor.execute(query2)
 #提交
 conn.rollback()
#(two)
rows = []
for i in range (10,20):
 rows.append(i)
query2 = 'insert into t1 values("%s",now())'
#executemany 2个参数,第2个参数是变量。
cursor.executemany(query2,rows)
#提交
conn.commit()
#选择数据库
query3 = 'select id from dba_hospital'
#重新选择数据库
conn.select_db('chushihua')
cursor.execute(query3)
result4 = cursor.fetchall()
for i in result4:
 for ii in i:
 print ii
#不定义query，直接执行：
cursor.execute("set session binlog_format='mixed'")
#关闭游标，释放资源
cursor.close()
'''
+------+---------------------+
| id | modifyT |
+------+---------------------+
| 3 | 2010-01-01 00:00:00 |
| 1 | 2010-01-01 00:00:00 |
| 2 | 2010-01-01 00:00:00 |
| 3 | 2010-01-01 00:00:00 |
| 4 | 2013-06-04 17:04:54 |
| 7 | 2013-06-04 17:05:36 |
| 6 | 2013-06-04 17:05:17 |
+------+---------------------+
'''

注意：在脚本中，密码写在脚本里面很容易暴露，这样可以用一个配置文件的方式来存密码，如db.conf：

[client]
user=root
password=123456

二，python 操作 MongoDB:

#!/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Purpose: example for python_to_mongodb
# Author: zhoujy
# Created: 2013-06-14
# update: 2013-06-14
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import pymongo
import os

#建立和数据库系统的连接,创建Connection时，指定host及port参数
conn = pymongo.Connection(host='127.0.0.1',port=27017)
#admin 数据库有帐号，连接-认证-切换库
db_auth = conn.admin
db_auth.authenticate('sa','sa')
#连接数据库
db = conn.abc
#连接表
collection = db.stu
#查看全部表名称
db.collection_names()
#print db.collection_names()
#访问表的数据，指定列
item = collection.find({},{"sname":1,"course":1,"_id":0})
for rows in item:
 print rows.values()
#访问表的一行数据
print collection.find_one()
#得到所有的列
for rows in collection.find_one():
 print rows
#插入
collection.insert({"sno":100,"sname":"jl","course":{"D":80,"S":85}})
#或
u = dict(sno=102,sname='zjjj',course={"D":80,"S":85})
collection.insert(u)
#得到行数
print collection.find().count()
print collection.find({"sno":100})
#排序，按照某一列的值。pymongo.DESCENDING:倒序；pymongo.ASCENDING:升序。按照sno倒序
item = collection.find().sort('sno',pymongo.DESCENDING) 
for rows in item:
 print rows.values()
#多列排序
item = collection.find().sort([('sno',pymongo.DESCENDING),('A',pymongo.ASCENDING)])
#更新，第一个参数是条件，第二个参数是更新操作，$set,%inc,$push,$ne,$addToSet,$rename 等
collection.update({"sno":100},{"$set":{"sno":101}})
#更新多行和多列
collection.update({"sno":102},{"$set":{"sno":105,"sname":"SSSS"}},multi=True)
#删除，第一个参数是条件，第二个参数是删除操作。
collection.remove({"sno":101})
'''
sno:学号；sname：姓名；course：科目
db.stu.insert({"sno":1,"sname":"张三","course":{"A":95,"B":90,"C":65,"D":74,"E":100}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":2,"sname":"李四","course":{"A":90,"B":85,"X":75,"Y":64,"Z":95}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":3,"sname":"赵五","course":{"A":70,"B":56,"F":85,"G":84,"H":80}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":4,"sname":"zhoujy","course":{"A":64,"B":60,"C":95,"T":94,"Y":85}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":5,"sname":"abc","course":{"A":87,"B":70,"Z":56,"G":54,"H":75}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":6,"sname":"杨六","course":{"A":65,"U":80,"C":78,"R":75,"N":90}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":7,"sname":"陈二","course":{"A":95,"M":68,"N":84,"S":79,"K":89}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":8,"sname":"zhoujj","course":{"P":90,"B":77,"J":85,"K":68,"L":80}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":9,"sname":"ccc","course":{"Q":85,"B":86,"C":90,"V":87,"U":85}})
'''

计算Mongodb文档中各集合的数目：

import pymongo

conn = pymongo.Connection(host='127.0.0.1',port=27017)
db = conn.abc #abc文档
for tb_name in db.collection_names(): #循环出各集合名
 Count = db[tb_name].count() #计算各集合的数量
 if Count > 2: #过滤条件
 print tb_name + ':' + str(Count) 
'''
conn = pymongo.Connection(host='127.0.0.1',port=27017)
db = conn.abc
for tb_name in db.collection_names():
 print tb_name + ':' 
 exec('print ' + 'db.'+tb_name+'.count()') #变量当集合的处理方式
OR
conn = pymongo.Connection(host='127.0.0.1',port=27017)
db = conn.abc
for tb_name in db.collection_names():
 mon_dic=db.command("collStats", tb_name) #以字典形式返回
 print mon_dic.get('ns'),mon_dic.get('count')
'''

三，python 操作 Redis:

#!/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Purpose: example for python_to_mongodb
# Author: zhoujy
# Created: 2013-06-14
# update: 2013-06-14
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

import redis
f = open('aa.txt')
while True:
 line = f.readline().strip().split(' # ')
 if line == ['']:
 break
 UserName,Pwd,Email = line
# print name.strip(),pwd.strip(),email.strip()
 rc = redis.StrictRedis(host='127.0.0.1',port=6379,db=15)
 rc.hset('Name:' + UserName,'Email',Email)
 rc.hset('Name:' + UserName,'Password',Pwd)
f.close()
alluser = rc.keys('*')
#print alluser
print "===================================读出存进去的数据==================================="
for user in alluser:
 print ' # '.join((user.split(':')[1],rc.hget(user,'Password'),rc.hget(user,'Email')))

四，python 操作 memcache:

import memcache
mc = memcache.Client(['127.0.0.1:11211'],debug=1)

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import MySQLdb
import memcache
import sys
import time

def get_data(mysql_conn):
# nn = raw_input("press string name:")
 mc = memcache.Client(['127.0.0.1:11211'],debug=1)
 t1 =time.time()
 value = mc.get('zhoujinyia') 
 if value == None:
 t1 = time.time()
 print t1
 query = "select company,email,sex,address from uc_user_offline where realName = 'zhoujinyia'"
 cursor= mysql_conn.cursor()
 cursor.execute(query)
 item = cursor.fetchone()
 t2 = time.time()
 print t2
 t = round(t2-t1)
 print "from mysql cost %s sec" %t 
 print item
 mc.set('zhoujinyia',item,60)
 else :
 t2 = time.time()
 t=round(t2-t1)
 print "from memcache cost %s sec" %t
 print value
if __name__ =='__main__':
 mysql_conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='123456',db='member',port=3306,charset='utf8')
 get_data(mysql_conn)

到此这篇关于python连接MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、memcache等数据库的方法就介绍到这了。那一缕缕充满希望的阳光，是我们前进的动力，是我们坚强不屈的毅力。青春，是一块块大小不一的石头。更多相关python连接MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、memcache等数据库的方法内容请查看相关栏目，小编编辑不易，再次感谢大家的支持！