我双手接过晶莹的雪花，想数一数它有几朵花瓣，谁知它到手上就不见了，变成了小水珠。
mysql字符集编码错误的导入数据会提示错误了，这个和插入数据一样如果保存的数据与mysql编码不一样那么肯定会出现导入乱码或插入数据丢失的问题，下面我们一起来看一个例子。
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恢复数据库报错：由于字符集问题，最原始的数据库默认编码是latin1，新备份的数据库的编码是utf8，因此导致恢复错误。
[root@hk byrd]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' t4x < /tmp/11x-B-2014-06-18.sql ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 292: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ''[caption id=\"attachment_271\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href=\"ht' at line 1
修复方法(未实测)：
[root@Test ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' --default-character-set=latin1 t4x < /tmp/11x-B-2014-06-18.sql MySQL -- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.5.37, for Linux (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: t4x -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.5.37-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=' 00:00' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Current Database: `t4x` -- CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `t4x` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */; -- -- Table structure for table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` ( `sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `url` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL, `create_time` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `start` int(11) DEFAULT '0', `end` int(11) DEFAULT '0', `item_count` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0', `file_size` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0', `lost_time` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`sid`), KEY `start` (`start`), KEY `end` (`end`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=84 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; 0 1 [root@hk byrd]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' t4x < /tmp/t4x-B-2014-06-17.sql ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 295: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ''i' at line 1
MySQL
-- MySQL dump 10.11 -- -- Host: localhost Database: t4x -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.0.95-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=' 00:00' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Current Database: `t4x` -- CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `t4x` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */; USE `t4x`; -- -- Table structure for table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` ( `sid` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `url` varchar(255) NOT NULL default '', `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL, `create_time` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `start` int(11) default '0', `end` int(11) default '0', `item_count` int(10) unsigned default '0', `file_size` int(10) unsigned default '0', `lost_time` int(10) unsigned default '0', PRIMARY KEY (`sid`), KEY `start` (`start`), KEY `end` (`end`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=83 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
字符集相关：
MySQL
mysql>show variables like '%character_set%'; -------------------------- ---------------------------- | Variable_name | Value | -------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | -------------------------- ---------------------------- mysql>set names gbk; mysql>show variables like '%character_set%'; -------------------------- ---------------------------- | Variable_name | Value | -------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client | gbk | | character_set_connection | gbk | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | gbk | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | -------------------------- ---------------------------- mysql>system cat /etc/my.cnf | grep default #客户端设置字符集client下面 default-character-set=gbk mysql>show variables like '%character_set%'; -------------------------- ---------------------------- | Variable_name | Value | -------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client | gbk | | character_set_connection | gbk | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | gbk | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | -------------------------- ---------------------------- mysql> system cat /etc/my.cnf|grep character-set-server #客户端设置字符集mysqld下面 character-set-server = cp1250 mysql> show variables like '%character_set%'; -------------------------- -------------------------------------------- | Variable_name | Value | -------------------------- -------------------------------------------- | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | cp1250 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | cp1250 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /byrd/service/mysql/5.6.26/share/charsets/ | -------------------------- -------------------------------------------- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
其他的一些设置方法：
修改数据库的字符集
mysql>use mydb mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;
创建数据库指定数据库的字符集
mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;
通过配置文件修改:
修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt
default-character-set=latin1 default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci
为
default-character-set=utf8 default-collation=utf8_general_ci
重起MySQL:
[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
通过MySQL命令行修改:
mysql> set character_set_client=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_database=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_results=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_server=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_system=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_connection=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_database=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_server=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看:
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%'; -------------------------- ---------------------------- | Variable_name | Value | -------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | -------------------------- ---------------------------- 8 rows in set (0.03 sec) mysql> show variables like 'collation_%'; ---------------------- ----------------- | Variable_name | Value | ---------------------- ----------------- | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | ---------------------- ----------------- 3 rows in set (0.04 sec)
总结
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