MAC地址(Media Access Control address),又称为物理地址或硬件地址,是网络适配器(网卡)在制造时被分配的全球唯一的48位地址。这个地址是数据链路层(OSI模型的第二层)的一部分,用于在局域网(LAN)中唯一标识网络设备。获取网卡地址主要用于网络标识和身份验证的目的。MAC地址是一个唯一的硬件地址,通常由网卡的制造商在制造过程中分配。通过获取MAC地址可以判断当前主机的唯一性可以与IP地址绑定并实现网络准入控制。
在Windows平台下获取MAC地址的方式有很多,获取MAC地址的常见方式包括使用操作系统提供的网络API(如Windows的GetAdaptersAddresses和GetAdaptersInfo),NetBIOS API,系统命令(如ipconfig /all),ARP缓存表查询,第三方库(如WinPcap或Libpcap),以及在编程语言中使用网络库。
首先第一种获取方法封装GetMacByGetAdaptersAddresses
函数,该功能的实现通过调用系统中的GetAdaptersAddresses
获取计算机的MAC地址。
该函数首先分配内存来存储适配器信息,然后调用 GetAdaptersAddresses 函数获取适配器信息。如果内存不足,它会重新分配足够的内存并再次调用该函数。接着,它遍历返回的适配器信息,找到第一个物理地址长度为6的适配器,然后将其MAC地址以格式化字符串的形式存储在传入的 macOUT 变量中。最后,释放分配的内存,并返回一个布尔值。
#include <iostream> #include <winsock2.h> #include <iphlpapi.h> #include <string> #pragma comment(lib, "Netapi32.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib") using namespace std; bool GetMacByGetAdaptersAddresses(std::string& macOUT) { bool ret = false; ULONG outBufLen = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES); PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pAddresses = (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES*)malloc(outBufLen); if (pAddresses == NULL) return false; if (GetAdaptersAddresses(AF_UNSPEC, 0, NULL, pAddresses, &outBufLen) == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) { free(pAddresses); pAddresses = (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES*)malloc(outBufLen); if (pAddresses == NULL) return false; } if (GetAdaptersAddresses(AF_UNSPEC, 0, NULL, pAddresses, &outBufLen) == NO_ERROR) { for (PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pCurrAddresses = pAddresses; pCurrAddresses != NULL; pCurrAddresses = pCurrAddresses->Next) { // 确保MAC地址的长度为 00-00-00-00-00-00 if (pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddressLength != 6) continue; char acMAC[32]; sprintf(acMAC, "%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X", int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[0]), int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[1]), int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[2]), int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[3]), int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[4]), int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[5])); macOUT = acMAC; ret = true; break; } } free(pAddresses); return ret; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { std::string refBuffer; GetMacByGetAdaptersAddresses(refBuffer); std::cout << "Mac地址: " << refBuffer << std::endl; system("pause"); return 0; }
第二种方式GetMacByGetAdaptersInfo
函数,通过调用系统的GetAdaptersInfo
获取计算机的主网卡的MAC地址。函数首先分配内存来存储适配器信息,然后调用GetAdaptersInfo
获取适配器信息。如果内存不足,它会重新分配足够的内存并再次调用该函数。接着,它遍历返回的适配器信息,找到第一个类型为以太网且物理地址长度为6的适配器,然后将其MAC地址以格式化字符串的形式存储在传入的macOUT
变量中。最后,释放分配的内存,并返回一个布尔值。
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #define _WIN32_DCOM #define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE #include <iostream> #include <winsock2.h> #include <iphlpapi.h> #include <string> #pragma comment(lib, "Netapi32.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib") using namespace std; bool GetMacByGetAdaptersInfo(std::string& macOUT) { bool ret = false; ULONG ulOutBufLen = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO); PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO*)malloc(sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO)); if (pAdapterInfo == NULL) return false; if (GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulOutBufLen) == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) { free(pAdapterInfo); pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO*)malloc(ulOutBufLen); if (pAdapterInfo == NULL) return false; } if (GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulOutBufLen) == NO_ERROR) { for (PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapter = pAdapterInfo; pAdapter != NULL; pAdapter = pAdapter->Next) { // 确保是以太网 if (pAdapter->Type != MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET) continue; // 确保MAC地址的长度为 00-00-00-00-00-00 if (pAdapter->AddressLength != 6) continue; char acMAC[32]; sprintf(acMAC, "%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X", int(pAdapter->Address[0]), int(pAdapter->Address[1]), int(pAdapter->Address[2]), int(pAdapter->Address[3]), int(pAdapter->Address[4]), int(pAdapter->Address[5])); macOUT = acMAC; ret = true; break; } } free(pAdapterInfo); return ret; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { std::string refBuffer; GetMacByGetAdaptersInfo(refBuffer); std::cout << "Mac地址: " << refBuffer << std::endl; system("pause"); return 0; }
第三种封装一个GetMacByNetBIOS
函数,其使用NetBIOS API
获取指定适配器号(adapterNum)
的MAC地址。函数首先通过NCBRESET
命令重置指定网卡以便进行查询。接着,使用NCBASTAT
命令获取接口卡的状态块,其中包含了适配器的物理地址。如果NetBIOS
调用成功,将适配器的MAC
地址以格式化字符串的形式存储在传入的macOUT
变量中,最后返回一个布尔值。
#include <iostream> #include <winsock2.h> #include <iphlpapi.h> #include <string> #pragma comment(lib, "Netapi32.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib") using namespace std; bool GetAdapterInfo(int adapterNum, std::string& macOUT) { NCB Ncb; memset(&Ncb, 0, sizeof(Ncb)); // 重置网卡 以便我们可以查询 Ncb.ncb_command = NCBRESET; Ncb.ncb_lana_num = adapterNum; if (Netbios(&Ncb) != NRC_GOODRET) return false; // 准备取得接口卡的状态块 memset(&Ncb, sizeof(Ncb), 0); Ncb.ncb_command = NCBASTAT; Ncb.ncb_lana_num = adapterNum; strcpy((char*)Ncb.ncb_callname, "*"); struct ASTAT { ADAPTER_STATUS adapt; NAME_BUFFER nameBuff[30]; }adapter; memset(&adapter, sizeof(adapter), 0); Ncb.ncb_buffer = (unsigned char*)&adapter; Ncb.ncb_length = sizeof(adapter); if (Netbios(&Ncb) != 0) return false; char acMAC[32]; sprintf(acMAC, "%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X", int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[0]), int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[1]), int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[2]), int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[3]), int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[4]), int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[5])); macOUT = acMAC; return true; } bool GetMacByNetBIOS(std::string& macOUT) { // 取得网卡列表 LANA_ENUM adapterList; NCB Ncb; memset(&Ncb, 0, sizeof(NCB)); Ncb.ncb_command = NCBENUM; Ncb.ncb_buffer = (unsigned char*)&adapterList; Ncb.ncb_length = sizeof(adapterList); Netbios(&Ncb); // 取得MAC for (int i = 0; i < adapterList.length; ++i) { if (GetAdapterInfo(adapterList.lana[i], macOUT)) return true; } return false; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { std::string refBuffer; GetMacByNetBIOS(refBuffer); std::cout << "Mac地址: " << refBuffer << std::endl; system("pause"); return 0; }
三种方式均可以输出系统的MAC地址,可根据自己的需求选择;
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